Technology hard nut issues in the climate negotiations

Technology transfer from developed to developing countries, and increasingly between developing countries, will be needed on what the secretariat of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change describes as an unprecedented scale. A major, ongoing focus of the UN discussions is how best to make this happen. Strategies include funding mechanisms, capacity-building, international collaborative research networks, public-private partnerships, and using multilateral and bilateral trade cooperation agreements to create incentives.

Six hard nut issues within the negotiating text on technology:
- Enhanced action on technology (e.g., Technology action plan)
- Means of implementation (e.g. Financing technology, technology incentives, technology leveraging facility, innovation centres)
- Institutional arrangements.
- Intellectual property rights (IPR)
- Objectives, scope and guiding principles.